Distinguishing the four stances: Non Argumentative
Learning Objectives & Strategies:
Understand the differences between the 4 stances.
1. Look at each example in the different sentence types.
2. Look at the bolded stance keywards and what grammatical xxxcategories do they fall in (modal auxiliary, adverbs?).
3. Compare the keywords across the 4 stances.
1) S. + Active verb to
pose action, describe procedures, cause and effect, etc.
(Example 1) In the last two
decades of learning sciences research, scaffolding (S) has become (V) prominent.
X
X
2) Passive form
(Example 1) Many European
schools were confronted with an
increasingly ethnically
diverse student population.
X
X
3) Be + N, adj or to V
(Example 1) Observation and
listening-in are important (adj) for all children
(Example 2) Scaffolding is a key strategy (N) in cognitive apprenticeship